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Study Guide Answers
1. By examining myths and legends, we can better understand the meaning of _____________________ for ancient peoples.
life
2. The Nile River flows in what direction?
northward
3. Ancient Egyptians saw ________________________ in all aspects of nature.
divinity
4. Egyptians believed that their pharaohs were living ________________________.
gods
5. What was the name of the Egyptian sun god?
Re
6. What forms did the Egyptian sun god take throughout the course of a day?
morning: a scarab beetle pushing a ball of dung; mid-day: a falcon-headed deity crowned by the solar disk; early evening: a human figure wearing the double crown of Upper and Lower Egypt
7. Burial sites in Egypt were located [ west/ east ] of the Nile. Why?
west/ It was the direction of the setting sun.
8. Where were pharaohs entombed during the "Old Kingdom" days?
Saqqara
9. The greatest of the Egyptian pyramids are found in ________________________.
Giza
10. What is the "Sphinx"?
a man-headed lion that probably represents the sun god
11. During the "New Kingdom" period, with whom were the attributes of Re combined?
Amun - a ram-headed god who was the chief deity of Thebes
12. What form did Amun take on when represented as the earliest creature in primeval waters?
a snake
13. In Egyptian mythology, who fertilized the egg from which all other living creatures were born?
Amun
14. Who emerged as Egypt's national deity during the mid-Second Millennium, BC?
Amun-Re
15. Egyptians worshipped the sun to ensure renewal of _________________________________.
the cosmos
16. For the ancient Greeks, what controlled human destiny?
a great number of gods and goddesses
17. What did each Greek city-state build?
temples to its favorite gods and goddesses
18. Where was Athena's temple erected?
in Athens, at the Acropolis
19. Who was the Greek god of war? Where was he especially venerated?
Ares/ Sparta
20. What does "panhellenic" mean?
of, or relating to, all of Greece
21. Where did ancient Greeks believe that their deities lived?
on top of Mount Olympus
22. Greeks believed that ________________ ruled all of the gods and goddesses.
Zeus
23. Which Greek god drove the sun across the sky each day?
Apollo
24. Who was the Greek moon goddess?
Artemis
25. What was the supposed birthplace of the god and goddess named in #s 23 and 24?
Delos
26. Where is Apollo's most important shrine?
Delphi
27. According to Greek tradition, ________________________ was the center of the world.
Delphi
28. Serpents were associated with ____________________, the __________________ goddess.
Gaea/ earth
29. What was the "Pythia"?
the priestess at Delphi who delivered predictions while in a trance
30. What did the Romans call the Greek goddess, Artemis? Where is there a magnificent shrine built in her honor? With which Christian figure is this city also associated?
Diana/ Ephesus, in Asia Minor/ Mary, mother of Christ
31. There are abandoned temple-cities throughout Southeast Asia. True or false?
true
32. In Southeast Asia, god-kings ruled as manifestations of what?
Hindu deities or the Buddha
33. Where are the following temple-cities found? Pagan: Ayutthaya: Angkor: Prambanan: Borobudur:
Pagan: Myanmar/ Ayutthaya: Thailand/ Angkor: Cambodia/Prambanan: Indonesia/ Borobudur: Indonesia
34. Hinduism and Buddhism were brought to Southeast Asia from _________________________.
India
35. Who was "Brahma"?
the creator of the universe
36. Which figure represents the principles of destruction and recreation?
Shiva
37. Vishnu was the "_________________________________."
preserver
38. Where was Vishnu periodically reborn?
on earth
39. About what did Vishnu warn the first man?
that he should prepare for a great flood
40. The goddess of fortune became _____________________'s wife.
Vishnu
41. Rama was assisted by the ___________________________________, Hanuman.
monkey-king
42. Hanuman was rewarded with ________________________________.
immortality
43. In the Fifth Century, BC, who became the Buddha?
the Indian prince, Siddhartha
44. The Buddha became Vishnu's _________________ avatar, and a connection between Hinduism and Buddhism was formed.
ninth
45. A Khmer god-king is widely portrayed as _____________________________ in Cambodia.
the Buddha
46. What eventually took over the temple-city of Angkor?
tropical vegetation ( the jungle )
47. Which empire once existed in the Andes?
The Incan Empire
48. Who was "Inti"?
Incan worship focused on Inti, the sun.
49. The creator-god of the Incas was ______________________________.
Viracocha
50. Incan rulers reigned by ____________________ right.
divine
51. The Incan cult of the sun was centered at _______________________________.
Tiahuanaco
52. What is the largest high-elevation lake in the world?
Lake Titicaca
53. From what is the "Gate of the Sun" carved?
volcanic stone
54. Incan legend tells about their origins in what place?
on the Island of the Sun, in Lake Titicaca
55. What was the Inca's capital?
Cuzco, Peru
56. How was the capital of the Incas designed?
like the body of a puma, with a temple-fortress at its head
57. What is the best known of the Incan mountain temple-cities?
Machu Picchu
58. What is the centerpiece of Machu Picchu?
a temple-pyramid that contains the "hitching post of the sun"
59. After the arrival of the Spaniards, what was built over the sun god's temple in Cuzco?
a temple to the Christian God
60. What was the religious and cultural center for all of central Mexico for much of the First Millennium, AD?
Teotihuac�n
61. In ancient Mexico, a _______________________ of ___________________ was thought to influence every aspect of human life.
pantheon/ gods
62. Who was the chief of the rain gods?
Tlaloc
63. Who was the god of the winds?
Quetzalcoatl
64. What warlike people sacked Teotihuac�n?
the Toltecs
65. What cult was practiced by the people named in #64?
human sacrifice
66. Who built a capital city at Tula?
Topiltzin ( Quetzalcoatl )
67. Where did the Mayan people live?
in the Yucat�n
68. What is the name of the Mayan Toltec city?
Chich�n Itz�
69. Mayans believed that all benefits of civilization came from ____________________________.
the man-god, Quetzalcoatl
70. When did the Aztecs arrive in central Mexico?
in the 13th Century
71. The Aztecs were descendants of _________________________________________.
desert nomads
72. When did the Aztecs rise to dominance in Mexico?
during the 15th Century
73. Who was the chief tribal god of the Aztecs? He was a god of _____________ and of the ___________.
Huitzilopochtli/ war/ sun
74. The temple of the god named in #73 was in what city?
Tenochtitl�n ( the Aztec capital )
75. The god named in #73 required a steady diet of _____________________________.
human hearts
76. Who was viewed as being the creator of humankind during the reign of the Aztecs?
Quetzalcoatl
77. There was a persistent myth that Quetzalcoatl would return from the __________________ during a ____________________________ year.
eastern sea/ one reed
78. When did the Spaniard, Cort�s arrive on Mexico's gulf coast?
1519, a one reed year
79. Who was the Aztec emperor when Cort�s arrived?
Moctezuma II
80. This emperor believed Cort�s to be ______________________________________________.
a manifestation of Quetzalcoatl, the plumed serpent
81. How long did it take for Cort�s to destroy Tenochtitl�n?
three years
82. What city was developed on the ruins of the Aztec capital?
Mexico City
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Study Guide Answers