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Study Guide Questions
1. The capital of the Incan Empire was a.Lima b.Nazca c.Cuzco d.Quito
2. The dominant mountain range of South America is the __________________ .
3. In general, there is [more/less] rain in the southern part of western South America than in the northern region.
4. The Humboldt Current along the western coast of South America is a [warm/cold] current that drains the moisture from air and maintains the Peruvian desert climate.
5. The Spanish capital of Peru was ______________________ .
6. In pre-Columbian times, control of the region was most often centered in the [highlands/lowlands].
7. Most of the rivers that flow from the mountains of Peru and Ecuador flow toward the [north/south/east/west].
8. Once an important Incan city, ________________ is the capital of Ecuador.
9. The fortress that defended the Incan capital was: a.Pachacamac b.Ingapirca c.Sacsayhuamán d.Tiahuanaco
10. The vast high plateau that covers ten percent of the Bolivian nation and is home to about seventy percent of its population is known as the _________________________ .
11. Lake _____________________ is the large freshwater inland sea on the border of Bolivia and Peru.
12. The highest capital city in the world is: a.La Paz b.Tiahuanaco c.Ingapirca d.Sucre
13. As a general rule in South America, the maximum altitude for agriculture is: a.11,000 feet b.12,000 feet c.13,000 feet d.8,000 feet
14. The land too high for cultivation in South America is known as "___________________ ."
15. The eastern slope of the mountains in South America contains [more/less] vegetation than the western slope.
16. How do the climate and terrain of western South America compare to your own?
17. As the last of the great South American pre-Columbian civilizations, the Incas exceeded their predecessors in all of the arts. True or false?
18. The warm waters of the Humboldt Current provide an abundant supply of fish close to the shore of western South America. True or false?
19. What was the most important food crop developed by early South American farmers?
20. Early South Americans created beautiful textiles from which plant?
21. The form of agriculture that relies on periodically clearing new lands for planting is called _________-________-__________.
22. Highland farmers created _______________________ , on which they cultivated crops more efficiently than they did by using other methods.
23. The most important domesticated animal in Andean America is the __________________ .
24. A rodent that is still favored as a source of meat by many highland Indians is the _________________ .
25. The earliest surviving religious structure in Peru, The Temple of the Crossed Hands, is found at: a.Lima b.Nazca c.Huánuco d.Moche
26. The early Peruvian culture that showed the most interest in everyday life was that of the ______________ .
27. The South American culture famous for the outlined figures that it left drawn in the desert is the ________________ .
28. Civilizations of the Peruvian desert region used ________________ _______________ as their primary building material.
29. The Gate of the Sun is a prominent feature of: a.Pachacámac b.Tiahuanaco c.Machu Picchu d.Tambo Huaycan
30. The cultural center of the Bolivian Altiplano was __________________________ .
31. How did members of the ancient Peruvian civilizations till their agricultural plots?
32. Which of the cultural artifacts of ancient Peruvian cultures do you find the most interesting? Why?
33. According to Incan tribal legend, the Incas originated on an island. Where was this island?
34. The creator god of the Incas was: a.Inti b.Manco Capac c.Mama-ocllo d.Viracocha
35. The first Inca was called _________________ ____________________ .
36. The Incas settled in the valley of _______________________ .
37. Prince Yupanqui defeated the Chancan confederation outside the Incan capital in 1438. What name did he assume when he became ruler? a.Viracocha b.Tambo Machay c.Pachacuti d.Chanca-oso
38. The Incas used ___________________ for most of their building projects.
39. The Intihuatana, or "hitching post of the sun," is located at ____________ ____________ .
40. The Incas called their empire "Twantinsuyu." What does this mean?
41. The Inca who added the greatest amount of territory to the empire was: a.Manco Capac b.Pachacuti c.Tupac d.Huascar
42. The "chosen women" who served the Incan rulers and the state religion were called: a.Tambos b.Mamaconas c.Chasquis d.Quipucamayocs
43. The knotted and colored strings used by the Incas to keep inventory records are called __________________ .
44. The storage depots that housed surplus produce and provided lodging for travelers on the royal roads of the Incas were called __________________ .
45. The language of the Incas is _______________________ .
46. The disputed succession of Huayna Capac involved the half-brothers Huascar and Atahualpa. Who won the civil war?
47. The Incan Empire was conquered by: a.Pizzaro b.Cortez c.Coronado d.Balboa
48. Though efficient in providing for its citizens, the Incan Empire was ruthlessly intolerant of dissent. Are there any comparable governments in the world today? How much control are you willing to sacrifice to a government that will keep you comfortable?
49. About how long did the Spanish rule the South American lands that were once ruled by the Incas?
50. Which city is older, Cuzco or Lima?
51. What religion did the Spanish bring to South America?
52. Name three domesticated animals introduced by the Spanish to South America.
53. Which of the following grains is of American origin? a.wheat b.rice c.maize d.barley
54. Name two of the imported crops that became important to the plantation system of South America.
55. What technological innovation did the Spanish introduce to help textile workers in South America?
56. What simple machine did the Spanish introduce to the native potters?
57. The successful fight for independence from Spain was led by descendants of the Incan ruling class. True or false?
58. The ouster of Spanish overlords resulted in a more equitable distribution of the wealth in South America. True or false?
59. Andean lands today are largely a mixture of prosperous urban modernity and subsistent rural villages. True or false?
60. The land once occupied by the Incan Empire is now part of [more/lfewer] than three nations.
61. How did the conquest of the Incan Empire benefit the Incas? How did it affect them adversely? In what ways did the lives of most Incas remain fairly constant?
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Study Guide Questions